F) OFFSET adjustment - The DC voltage level of the output signal can be adjusted with the OFFSET control knob in the range of +/- 10 V. To set the DC voltage level, pull this control knob out. Turning to the right means positive voltage, turning to the left means negative voltage. If the control knob is pressed, the output voltage will have no DC voltage component. G) Symmetry adjustment - The symmetry of the output voltage can be changed in the range of 1:3 and 3:1.
The control knob carries the designation SYM. To change the symmetry of the waveforms, pull the SYM control knob and turn it slowly to the left (ccw) or to the right (cw).
Refer to the table for the resulting waveforms. BASIC WAVEFORMS CLOCK WISE (CW) COUNTER CLOCKWISE (CCW) SINE SKEWED SINE SKEWED SINE SQUARE PULSE PULSE TRIANGLE SAWTOOTH SAWTOOTH Note! Note that because of this adjustment of symmetry, the frequency can change and therefore should be readjusted. H) SWEEP adjustment (Wobbler) - To operate the built-infrequency sweep, pull the SWEEP WIDTH control knob and use it to adjust the width of the sweep signals in the range 100: 1. To achieve maximum width, turn the frequency adjustment knob (with scale) to its left stop and the width control to its right stop.
To adjust the speed of the sweep signal, turn the SWEEP RATE control knob slowly to the left or right. A linear sweep signal is obtained.
A logarithmic sweep signal is possible by pulling the SWEEP RATE control knob. I) TTL output - The TTL level is available at the TTL OUT socket (BNC). A TTL level is an 'asymmetric square wave'. It is asymmetrical because, in contrast to the sine or 'pure' square waves, the signal does not cross zero, i.e. It has no negative voltage values (negative logic excepted). The TTL output can drive 20 'unit loads' when HIGH and 15 'unit loads' when LOW.
One 'unit load' is 40 µA for the HIGH and 1.6 mA for the LOW state. J) Output impedance - The output impedance of the generator output F/G OUT, is 50 Ohm or 600 Ohm depending on the setting of the 50 / 600 Ohm switch. 5.3 The DC voltage measuring instrument Operating elements 1. Illuminated 3 1/2-position 5.
Adjustable current limiting 17 mm high LCD display 6. Ground connector 2. Voltage adjustment 7. Fixed voltage output 5 V / 2 A 3. V/A display switch 8.
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Fixed voltage output 15 V / 1 A 4. AC power main switch 9. Adjustable output 0-30V / 0-3A Attention!
Safety measures! Protect the instrument from being dropped and from external mechanical damage by falling objects. Do not short circuit the '+' and '-'terminals. Never go beneath the maximum permitted load of 2.5 Ohm at the 5V/2A output and 15 Ohm at the 15V/1A output.
Basic settings a) Before connecting the AC power cable, ensure that no load is present on the output terminals of the power supply. B) Centralise the (CURRENT) current-limitingcontrol knob. C) Switch the AC power switch (POWER) on. D) The LEDs under the legends 5 V and 15 V light up. E) Connect the loads to the 5V and 15V output.
F) Switch the display switch to 'V' (voltage) and set the desired output voltage. G) Now connect the load to the output terminals '+' and '-'of the adjustable output. While doing this, observe the polarity of the load. All outputs are floating.
Other outputs can either be grounded through the ground socket (= chassis) on the front panel (bottom right) or remain floating. Current limiting characteristics All 3 outputs are independently protected against overload and short circuit by means of a separate current limiting circuit. A) Output 0 to 30 V, 3 A: protected by means of current limiting. If the output current increases due to a load of more than 3 A, the output voltage is reduced (with a short circuit to approx. B) Fixed voltage output 5 V / 2 A: protected by a fixed current limit (stabilising circuit).
Should the load current exceed the value of 2.2 A, the output voltage is reduced. C) Fixed voltage output 15 V / 1 A: protected by a fixed current limit (stabilising circuit). Should the load current exceed the value of 1.2 A, the output voltage is reduced.
With this function, two different operating modes can be read simultaneously, e.g. The secondary voltage of a transformer measurement of capacitors 32. LOGI = Logic test When the logic test function is selected, this symbol appears in the display 33. Second 'small' display for the DUAL display function 34. = Battery symbol If this symbol appears in the display, the battery must be changed.
Various measurement units 36. Reference number: indicating the memory location numbering for the MEM and RCL (=Recall) functions 5.4.2. Using the multimeter A) Fitting the battery - changing the battery So that the measuring instrument functions perfectly, it must be fitted with a 9V battery. When the battery change symbol appears in the display (after approx. 60 hours of operation) the battery must be replaced.
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To do this, proceed as follows: The battery compartment is located beneath the upper cover (on the rear of the case) which is secured with two screws, left and right. Remove the MS-9160without fail from all circuits being measured before changing the battery. Always switch off the instrument with the main switch (POWER), which is located in the control area of the DC voltage power supply. Only when it is certain that the MS-9150is disconnected from AC. Power and from all circuits should changing the battery be begun. Screw out both crosshead screws carefully with a suitable screwdriver and remove the cover cautiously.
Remove the used battery (9 V). It is connected with a battery clip. Remove this carefully from the old battery and connect the clip to a fresh, unused battery observing the polarity. Push the battery into the battery compartment to the stop and screw the cover carefully up again. Do not under any circumstances operate the measuring instrument when it is open!
Danger to life! Leave no used battery in the measuring instrument, because even leakproof batteries can corrode and thereby release chemicals, which can endanger health and destroy the battery compartment. Used batteries are to be considered as special waste and must therefore be disposed of without putting the environment at risk. Special collection containers are provided for this purpose by specialist dealers and in scrap yards. Switch the measuring instrument off when it is no longer required. B) Connecting the test leads Always use only the supplied test leads for making measurements. Before each connection note the condition of the connecting plug and test probes and check the insulation for damage.
These test leads are intended for voltages up to 1000 V max. The measuring instrument is similarly designed for voltages up to 1000 VDC and 750 VAC rms max.
Take particular care when dealing with voltages greater than 25 V AC or 35 V DC. Never exceed the maximum input amplitudes, because danger to life can arise under adverse conditions. C) Putting into service C.1 Basic settings Press the ON button (1). The display is now illuminated.
To select a function, rotate the operating mode switch to the desired position. 'Normal' measurements can now be performed without additional func.
B) Operating mode switch = measurement function switch (8) Attention! The operating mode switch may not be moved during measurements, because otherwise the measuring instrument can be destroyed and as a result danger to life can occur. Arranged in a semi-circle,the various basic measurement ranges selectable by rotating the switch are: mV = millivolt AC/DC (milli = 10 exp.-3) V = Volt AC/DC 400mA = milliampere AC/DC 20A = Ampere AC/DC (@) = Continuity test W = Resistance measurement mH = Inductance measurement CAP = Capacity measurement LOGIC = Logic test c) 20 A socket For DC or AC current measurements up to 20 A max.(!), the red test lead must be plugged in here. When measuring current,the operating mode switch must never be set to voltage (mV or V) or to any other switch position other than current measurement (mA or A). D) mA socket The red test lead must be plugged in here for DC or AC current measurements to 400 mA max!, but only when the operating mode switch is set to '400mA'.
E) COM = common socket Except for capacity and inductance measurements, the black test lead must be plugged in here for all measurements (common socket means minus, '-'or ground socket) f) V/Ohm socket. The red test lead must be plugged into this socket when voltage or resistance measurements, continuity check or logic tests are performed. C.4 Explanation of display and symbols a) Digital display The display can show up to '3999' and the polarity (-)is automatically displayed (for negative voltages and reversed polarity). Additionally there are three decimal point positions. B) Analogue bar graph The analogue bar graph consists of 43 segments. It has a higher speed of measurement than the digital display. Measured value trends are thus more easily recognised.
If the measurement range is exceeded, 'OL', for Overload will be displayed and the display 'flashes' in warning. C) Auto Hold and Dual Display 'd' The Auto Hold function is active for DC voltage, current, resistance, and capacity (CAP) measurements and continuity test. The measured value, visible in the 'large' display 4 - 5 sec. Beforehand, is displayed in the small display.
The Auto Hold function itself is indicated with the letter 'A' in front of the small display. 'd' for Dual Display appears left in front of the small display, when an AC voltage (ACV) or logic (LOGIC) measurement is carried out. The following table shows which measurements / indications are possible: Measuring function Main display Subdisplay (Large display) (Small display) AC voltage AC voltage dB(m) Logic measurement Hi/Lo DC voltage d) Data-Hold 'D-H' With D-Ha measured value is frozen (held). E) MIN (= Minimum) Press this button once: the smallest measured value is displayed on the second-(DUAL)display,while measurements continue with the 'normal' display. F) MAX (= Maximum). Press the Set/Reset button once: the highest measured value is now displayed on the second display, while measurements continue with the large display. G) REL (= Relative) This setting permits the comparison of a reference value with a subsequent measured value.
Proceed as follows: 1. First press the 'Function' button until 'REL' appears in the display. Now set the polarity of the reference value, the reference value and the measurement range with the 'UP' and 'DOWN' buttons. After each input the SET/RESET button must be pressed once in confirmation. H) MEM (= Memory) With this special function up to 8 reference values can be stored, except under temperature measurement. For this, proceed as follo- ws: 1.
Press the function button until MEM appears in the display, 2. Press the UP/DOWN button, to set a reference number between 0 and 4, 3. Press the Set/Reset button, to store the value. When several reference values are 'filed' under the same reference number, the previous value will be overwritten in each case. I) RCL (= Memory Recall) This function reads the stored reference value from the memory. Proceed as follows: 1.
Press the UP or DOWN button to select the desired reference number, 2. Now press the Set/Reset button to read out the stored value. The read-outvalue is shown on the small display. K) R-H= Range Hold With this function it is possible to exit the Auto Range mode and to set/determine the measurement range in the selected operating mode (voltage, current, resistance, etc.
Measurement) by pressing the UP and DOWN buttons manually. This function is not available while measuring capacity (CAP). L) EXT (= External) With this function two different operating modes can be read simultaneously, one on the large display, one on the small display. Note the following table in this connection: Operation mode Main display Subdisplay AC voltage AC voltage Frequency change-over Logic measurement Hi/Lo Frequency change-over m) CMP (= Comparison) In this subfunction a high/low comparison can be made, in which the highest and lowest stored reference values can be compared with the presently-measuredvalue. To exit from this function, briefly press the operating mode switch. First set the desired measurement range. Then proceed according to the following examples: Button operation sequence.
= FUNCTION = display 'CMP' and 'MIN' = = set polarity +/- (Up/Down) = SET/RESET = = set 1 st position = SET/RESET = = set 2 nd position = SET/RESET = = set 3 rd position = SET/RESET = = set 4 th position = SET/RESET = = display 'CMP' and 'MAX' = = set +/- = SET/RESET = = set 1 st position = SET/RESET = = set 2 nd position = SET/RESET = = set 3 rd position = SET/RESET = = set 4 th position = SET/RESET = = display of 'CMP', 'MIN' or 'MAX' and 'LO' or 'HI' or 'PASS' in the small display = the instrument is ready for comparison measurement. With the High/Low logic function the CMP function is inoperable. N) Display for the reference number The reference number is applicable to the MEM and RCL functions. The numbers are called by pressing the UP (+1) or DOWN (-1)buttons.
C.5 Display information and symbols about operating modes a) ' ' Inductance measurement The measurement range covers from 0.01 mH to 400 mH max. B) (.) Continuity test The continuity of voltage-freewiring, plug connections or fuses can be checked with this function acoustically and optically (display of measured value). C) '-'Negative polarity With reversed test leads and with negative polarity, a '-'sign appears in front of the measured value. D) CAP Capacity measurement The capacity measurement range enables measurements of discharged capacitors from 4 nF to 400 µF e) LOGIC logic test All logic levels can be measured and displayed with this function. F) Battery change indicator An alkaline 9 V battery has an average life of approx. 60 hours in this measuring instrument. About 8 hours before the battery end of.
Life, the battery change symbol appears in the display. A battery check is carried out each time between individual measurement cycles.
G) all other symbols, which stand for the various measurement units: AC = AC units DC = DC units mV = millivolt (exp.-3) V = Volt mA = milliampere (exp.-3) A = Ampere kHz = kilohertz (exp.3) uF = microfarad (exp.-6) nF = nanofarad (exp.-9) mH = milliHenry (exp.-3) uH = mikroHenry (exp.-6) W = Ohm kW = kiloohm (exp.3) MW = Megaohm (exp.6) 5.4.3 Performing measurements A) Voltage measurement Attention! Under no circumstances exceed the maximum permitted input amplitude.
1000 VDC max. And 750 VAC rms max. Touch no circuits or components when voltages greater than 25 VAC rms or 35 VDC are present. To measure DC or AC voltages, proceed as follows: 1. Set the rotary switch to the desired position (mV or V) 2.
Connect the red test lead to the V/Ohm socket (+) and the black test lead to the COM socket (-) 3. Press the DC/AC button according to whether DC or AC voltage is to be measured. As soon as 'AC' appears in the display, the AC voltage measurement range is set. Connect the test probes to the points of measurement (load, circuit, etc.). Each of the five voltage ranges, whether AC or DC, has an input impedance of 10 MOhm in parallel with 100 pF.
The AC voltage input is ACcoupled. As soon as a '-'-signappears in front of the measured value under DC voltage measurements, the measured voltage is negative (or the test leads reversed). B) Current measurement To measure direct or alternating currents, procedure is as follows: 1.
Set the rotary switch to current measurement (400mA or 20A). Connect the red test lead to the mA socket when currents up to 400 mA max.
Are to be measured and to the A socket for currents up to 20 A max. Press the DC/AC button according to whether DC or AC current is now to be measured. As soon as 'AC' appears in the display, the AC current measurement range is set.
Connect the instrument leads in series with the test object (see figure below). Do not measure any currents in circuits in which voltages greater than 250 VDC or VAC rms can occur. Under no circumstances should currents over 20 A be measured. Measurements should only be made in 16Afused current circuits or those in which powers greater than 4000 VA cannot occur. Measurements of currents equal to 20 A must only be measured for a maximum of 30s duration and must only be performed at intervals of 15 minutes (cooling down phase for the shunt).
A DMM Current Consuming device, source load, circuit. C) Continuity test With this function voltage-freeleads, fuses, circuits etc. Can be acoustically checked for continuity. This measurement is performed as follows: 1. Position the rotary switch to (.).
Connect the red test lead to the V/Ohm socket (+) and the black test lead to the COM socket (-). Then connect the test probes to the points of measurement. Measure no charged capacitors, because otherwise the measuring instrument can be destroyed by a possible discharge. D) Resistance measurement Attention! Ensure that all components, circuits, chips and other objects to be measured, are completely voltage-free.
Set the measurement function switch to resistance measurement (OHM). Connect the red test lead to the V/Ohm socket (+) and the black test lead to the COM socket (-). Now connect the measuring probes with the test object. The resistance of the test leads can normally be ignored (approx. 0.1 to 0.2 Ohm). However, this low value can lead to inaccuracies in the lowest measurement range.
Using the 'REL' function, this resistance can be 'subtracted' to compensate for these 'measurement errors', i.e. The display referenced and set to '0'.
When a resistance measurement is performed, ensure that the test points which you touch with the test probes during measurement are free from dirt, oil, solder flux or similar. Such conditions can falsify the measured value. With resistances greater than approx. 4 MOhm the display can require some time to become stabilised. As soon as 'OL' appears in the display and the bar graph flashes, the measurement range has been exceeded and the measurement path is interrupted. E) Inductance measurement For the measurement of inductance proceed as follows: 1.
Set the rotary switch to '400 mH'. Measurements can now be performed with the test socket on the measuring instrument. The 'R-H'function can be used to switch to and fro manually between two measurement ranges. If the 'R-H'function is not set, the measuring instrument automatically sets itself to Auto Range. With inductance measurements, make sure without fail that the coil and the circuit, to which it may be connected, is absolutely voltage-free.Any capacitors present must be discharged.
F) Capacity measurement For the measurement of capacities proceed as follows: 1. Discharge each capacitor before connecting it to the measuring instrument. When short-circuitingcapacitors, high-energydischarges can occur. Caution: danger to life!! Do not touch capacitor connections with voltages greater than 35 VDC and 25 VAC. Take care in environments in which dust, inflammable gas, steam or liquids are present or can occur.
Danger of explosion! Set the measurement function switch (8) to 'CAP'. Measurements can now be performed with the test socket on the measuring instrument. With polarised capacitors, observe the correct polarity. G) Using the analogue bar graph The bar graph is easy to operate and understand. It is comparable with. B) Using the software This multimeter operates with any computer with an RS-232interface, but the software is only suitable for IBM-compatiblecomputers.
Using the software is described as follows: 1. Insert the floppy disk into the drive. Copy the files either onto the hard drive or make a back-upcopy of the floppy. Press the 'Enter' key. To stop or interrupt the program during execution, press CRTL + BREAK on the computer keyboard.
Data transfer SAs soon as the multimeter is switched on, the interface is ready. Data transfer is started by command D from the computer. The following should be noted, when software other than that provided is used.: The data format is 14 bits in length. It is composed as follows: BYTE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E Example 1 DC - 3, 9 9 9 V CR Example 2 OHM 3, 9 9 9 M o h m CR Program example in BASIC for easy reading of the multimeter: 10 OPEN 'COM1:1200,N,7,2,RS,CS,DS,CD' AS#2 20 A$='D' 30 PRINT #2,A$; 40 IN$=INPUT$(14,#2) 50 PRINT IN$ 60 CLOSE #2 70 END Specific data transfer characteristics (communication parameters): Transfer rate: 1200 baud Character code: 7-bitASCII Parityt: none Stop bits: 2 5.5 Maintenance and calibration.
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